Blood group- Pathology

 


Blood group -pathology
Antigem- Any external substance that can stimulate chemical reaction is  antigem
Antibody-
Agglutination
Clumping
Object- In RBC of human, some particles are available.  In regard of those  present antigem , human blood is divided into 4 groups. In blood group A- a antigen, in blood group b- b antigen, blood group o- does not react as antigen. In blood group ab - both a and b antegen are available.

Blood group    Antigem     antibody
A                      A                   B
B                      B                   A
O                     no                 A, B
AB                  A, B                 no
Same antigem and antibody cannot stay together. 
In this context blood group is detected.
Blood group- ABO
AntigemA, AntigemB, AntigemAB, AntigemO
Antisera A- anribody against A.
Material:
1) Needle 2) Glass swab 3) spirit swab 4) Anti sera-A 5) Anti sera-B
Take out one drop of blood from left hand ring finger and keep in  both glass swab. Keep anti sera a on one, and b on other. Wait for blood clumping. If clumping is on a side, then it is A group, if in b, then it is b blood group, if on both side- it ab group, if no side is clumped it is O.
RH Factor 
D antigen is also present in most of the rbc. Its initial research was happened on monkey (Rhesis).
Again take glass swab and place blood drop and mix anti D sera. If blood clump, there the D antegen. So it is Rh positive. If not clump, the Rh negative.
Rh positive people can receive Rh negative blood.
But Rh negative people can not receive Rh positive blood.
Precaution:
Needle should be fresh.
Check the expiry date of stock sera.
Mix stock sera before blood gets dry

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